Tham khảo Tương lai của một vũ trụ giãn nở

  1. ↑ WMAP - Fate of the Universe, WMAP's Universe, NASA. Truy cập on line ngày 17 tháng 7 năm 2008.
  2. ↑ Sean Carroll (2001). “The cosmological constant”. Living Reviews in Relativity 4. Truy cập ngày 28 tháng 9 năm 2006. 
  3. 1 2 Life, the Universe, and Nothing: Life and Death in an Ever-expanding Universe, Lawrence M. Krauss and Glenn D. Starkman, Astrophysical Journal, 531 (ngày 1 tháng 3 năm 2000), pp. 22–30. doi:10.1086/308434. Bibcode: 2000ApJ...531...22K.
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 6 A dying universe: the long-term fate and evolution of astrophysical objects, Fred C. Adams and Gregory Laughlin, Reviews of Modern Physics 69, #2 (April 1997), pp. 337–372. Bibcode: 1997RvMP...69..337A. doi:10.1103/RevModPhys.69.337 arXiv:astro-ph/9701131.
  5. 1 2 3 Adams & Laughlin (1997), §IIE.
  6. ↑ Adams & Laughlin (1997), §IV.
  7. 1 2 Adams & Laughlin (1997), §VID
  8. 1 2 Chapter 7, Calibrating the Cosmos, Frank Levin, New York: Springer, 2006, ISBN 0-387-30778-8.
  9. 1 2 Five-Year Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) Observations: Data Processing, Sky Maps, and Basic Results, G. Hinshaw et al., The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series (2008), submitted, arXiv:0803.0732, Bibcode: 2008arXiv0803.0732H.
  10. ↑ Possible Ultimate Fate of the Universe, Jamal N. Islam, Quarterly Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society 18 (March 1977), pp. 3–8, Bibcode: 1977QJRAS..18....3I
  11. 1 2 3 Time without end: Physics and biology in an open universe, Freeman J. Dyson, Reviews of Modern Physics 51 (1979), pp. 447–460, doi:10.1103/RevModPhys.51.447.
  12. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 The Five Ages of the Universe, Fred Adams and Greg Laughlin, New York: The Free Press, 1999, ISBN 0-684-85422-8.
  13. ↑ Adams & Laughlin (1997), §VA
  14. 1 2 The End of the Main Sequence, Gregory Laughlin, Peter Bodenheimer, and Fred C. Adams, The Astrophysical Journal, 482 (ngày 10 tháng 6 năm 1997), pp. 420–432. Bibcode: 1997ApJ...482..420L. doi:10.1086/304125.
  15. ↑ How Massive Single Stars End Their Life, A. Heger, C. L. Fryer, S. E. Woosley, N. Langer, and D. H. Hartmann, Astrophysical Journal 591, #1 (2003), pp. 288–300.
  16. ↑ The Great Milky Way-Andromeda Collision, John Dubinski, Sky and Telescope, October 2006. Bibcode: 2006S&T...112d..30D.
  17. ↑ Adams & Laughlin (1997), § III–IV.
  18. 1 2 Adams & Laughlin (1997), §IIA and Figure 1.
  19. 1 2 Adams & Laughlin (1997), §IIIC.
  20. ↑ The Future of the Universe, M. Richmond, lecture notes, "Physics 240", Rochester Institute of Technology. Truy cập on line ngày 8 tháng 7 năm 2008.
  21. ↑ Adams & Laughlin (1997), §IIIF, Table I.
  22. ↑ p. 428, A deep focus on NGC 1883, A. L. Tadross, Bulletin of the Astronomical Society of India 33, #4 (December 2005), pp. 421–431, Bibcode: 2005BASI...33..421T.
  23. ↑ Reading notes, Liliya L. R. Williams, Astrophysics II: Galactic and Extragalactic Astronomy, University of Minnesota, accessed on line ngày 20 tháng 7 năm 2008.
  24. ↑ Particle emission rates from a black hole: Massless particles from an uncharged, nonrotating hole, Don N. Page, Physical Review D 13 (1976), pp. 198–206. doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.13.198. See in particular equation (27).
  25. ↑ Adams & Laughlin (1997), §VD.
  26. ↑ Adams & Laughlin (1997), §VF3.
  27. ↑ Adams & Laughlin (1997), §VE.

Tài liệu tham khảo

WikiPedia: Tương lai của một vũ trụ giãn nở http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1977QJRAS..18....3I http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1997ApJ...482..420L http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1997RvMP...69..337A http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2000ApJ...531...22K http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2003ApJ...591..288H http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2005BASI...33..421T http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2006S&T...112d..30D http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2008arXiv0803.0732H http://spiff.rit.edu/classes/phys240/lectures/futu... http://webusers.astro.umn.edu/~llrw/a4002/SG_notes...